The Effect of Artificial Intelligence-Based Educational Tools on Learning Outcomes in Nursing Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Aim: This meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)-based educational interventions on learning outcomes in nursing students.Material and Method: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science identified studies published between January 2021 and May 2025. Following PRISMA guidelines, 11 studies with 1,539 students were included, comprising randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. Outcomes assessed were knowledge, clinical reasoning, satisfaction, clinical performance, attitude, and self-efficacy. Risk of bias was evaluated with the RoB 2 tool, and random-effects models were used for meta-analysis.Results: AI-based interventions significantly improved knowledge acquisition (MD = 4.47, 95% CI [2.60, 6.34], p