Results show that explicit residual compensation improves stable autoregressive prediction of unsteady flows and achieves the lowest mean rollout error among all compared methods.
Abstract
Stable prediction of unsteady flows requires accurate multiscale spatial representation and robust temporal propagation. We introduce the Compensated Koopman U-shaped Neural Operator (CoKo-UNO), which combines a U-shaped spectral backbone with Koopman-dominated latent propagation. Finite-dimensional Koopman truncation produces a state-dependent residual that is repeatedly reinjected during autoregressive rollout. CoKo-UNO models this residual with a selective state-space model (SSM), a principled input-dependent compensation mechanism, together with resolution-adaptive compensatory skip connections and an overlapping-warmup rollout strategy. \NEW{Across four benchmark problems, CoKo-UNO achieves the lowest mean rollout error among all compared methods. Its largest gain is a $76.76\%$ reduction relative to the strongest baseline, while requiring about $41.40\%$ of RNO's training time.} These results show that explicit residual compensation improves stable autoregressive prediction of unsteady flows.
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