The Influences of Geopolitics on Foreign Policy of Nepal: 2015-2026

Abstract

The theoretical synthesis paper examines the present structural shifts in the geopolitics and global power configuration. They are used to assess their differential impact on the foreign policy frameworks of Nepal. Nepal occupies an exception geostrategic conditions, being a landlocked, strategically vulnerable country located between the two regional giant of China and India. These are two emerging and nuclear-powered states. The increased security monitoring and diplomatic activity of Western countries such as the U.S. The structures will be assessing within the frameworks of realism theory, neorealism structural constraints, the strategic security hedging approach and qualitative research methodologies. This study analyzed twenty-five (25) peer-reviewed academic articles. The paper has analyzed the ways in which increase the global and regional rivalries between India, China and the United States affects the foreign policy of Nepal. The role of developmental aid, financial infrastructure model and strategic security as a form of great power competition will be examine. This paper analyzes the modern geopolitical situation, the China, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the United States, Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) implement via the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). The India has "special relationship" doctrine. The article demonstrates how development finance has evolved into a primary geopolitical mechanism. The study argues that Nepalese long-standing stance of non-alignment is under severe threat from systemic structural polarization and internal ideological fraction. It is concluding that Nepal must urgently move away from a reactive "yam between two boulders" fatalism. The states need to implement proactive, institutionalize policy of multi-alignment, strict geo-economic diversification, resilient climate diplomacy to protect, sovereignty and achieve sustainable strategic autonomy.