A One Health Analytical Review of Human and Animal Health Outcomes (2015–2024) and Relationship to Environmental Pollution and Health Security in Wasit Governorate Iraq

Abstract

One of the most serious challenges to human health is environmental pollution and biosecurity, which directly or indirectly affects both human and animal health. Environmental pollution is considered an increasing threat to community health security. Therefore, the study aimed to analyses the reality of environmental health pollution in Wasit Governorate and to assess repercussions on skin and immune diseases in both animals and humans. The study's dependent variable relied on the analytical review method, though integrating secondary data that depends on reports from organizations, including the WOAH (OIE). 2021, and the Iraqi Ministries of Health and Environment, as well as scientific researchers indexed within approved global databases from 2015 to 2024. The results showed that in air, water and soil pollution levels in Wasit Governorate exceed global standards significantly when compared to neighboring countries. This is further supported by the increased prevalence of skin diseases and immune disorders in humans. In addition, the health effects observed are highly significant in animals, which serve as early bioindicators of environmental degradation in the region. Therefore, the study can conclude that environmental pollution In general and especially in Wasit Governorate, represents a major and decisive risk factor that threatens health security. Thus, for focusing on and adopting integrated policies that link human, veterinary and environmental health to achieve sustainable development in health security in Wasit Governorate.