2026· Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics· pp. 33981-33999· 1 citation· 24 references
Computer Science
Abstract
We introduce MMSciCode, a comprehensive expert-level, multilingual multi-discipline benchmark for evaluating foundation models in scientific code generation. It includes 624 expert-annotated research coding problems spanning six core scientific disciplines. Compared to prior benchmarks, MMSciCode features three key advancements. First, it challenges models to integrate domain-specific knowledge with algorithmic reasoning to implement core functions from research papers. Second, each problem is meticulously annotated by domain experts through a rigorous paper-grounded process, with strict quality controls implemented to ensure dataset integrity and authenticity. Finally, each problem is equipped with comprehensive unit test suites and con-tainerized environments, enabling reproducible and diagnostic evaluation of both functional correctness and domain validity. We conduct an extensive evaluation of 23 state-of-the-art foundation models and 2 coding agents on MMSciCode. We identify substantial performance gaps between models and human experts, providing actionable insights for advancing expert-level scientific code generation.
Pseudo2Code, a benchmark designed to systematically evaluate the impact of structured pseudocode on code generation quality and algorithmic faithfulness, is introduced and the Pseudo2Code Agentic Framework is proposed, a multi-stage pipeline that leverages pseudocode as an explicit intermediate reasoning representation for code generation.
Shadikur Rahman, Umme Ayman Koana, S. Danish· 0 citations
Benchmark evaluations reveal that agent performance varies substantially across languages and drops sharply on the harder cross-lingual tasks, and analysis shows that multilingual execution exposes systematic failure modes across planning, tool interaction, and decision-making in long-horizon agents.
Hongliang Li, Yijin Liu, Zhiwei Zhang et al.· 0 citations
We present L3Cube-IndicQuest v2, a large-scale gold-standard multilingual question-answering benchmark for evaluating the India-specific factual knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs). The benchmark comprises 3,471 curriculum-grounded English question--answer pairs spanning nine domains, curated from educational curricula, competitive examination materials, and domain-specific reference books. We introduce a practical hybrid construction strategy that combines context-grounded LLM-based question generation and validation with semantic deduplication and human verification, enabling scalable creation of benchmark data while preserving annotation quality. The benchmark is translated into 19 Indic languages, yielding a publicly released multilingual dataset of 69,420 question--answer pairs across 20 languages. We evaluate six LLMs under three protocols: LLM-as-a-judge and two deterministic lexical criteria, exact-substring and word-overlap matching. All three produce almost the same model ranking, showing that the results do not depend on the choice of judge. The frontier commercial model leads by a wide margin, and among open-weight models Gemma4 31B outperforms the Indic-specialised Sarvam 30B in every evaluated Indic language.
Rinit Jain, Tirthraj Mahajan, Advait Joshi et al.· 0 citations
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of tasks, but ensuring their reliability in highly technical domains remains a significant challenge. In nuclear engineering, problem solving often requires not only factual knowledge but also quantitative reasoning and conceptual understanding. To address the need for systematic evaluation in this domain, we introduce NuclearQAv2, a benchmark for assessing LLMs on nuclear engineering knowledge. The benchmark comprises approximately 1,240 question-answer pairs spanning three categories: boolean, numeric, and verbal. NuclearQAv2 is constructed using a hybrid pipeline that combines expert-authored questions, existing datasets, and LLM-assisted generation from domain-specific technical corpora. By leveraging structured prompting for both automated question generation and response evaluation, the proposed framework enables scalable benchmark construction and evaluation. We evaluate a diverse set of LLMs using NuclearQAv2 and observe substantial performance differences across task types. While the models generally perform well on factual questions, quantitative reasoning and conceptual understanding remain considerably more challenging. These results highlight the importance of multi-faceted evaluation frameworks and establish NuclearQAv2 as a scalable benchmark for assessing LLM capabilities in technical domains.
Henry Yuchi, Michal Kucer, Benjamin H. Sims et al.· arXiv.org· 0 citations
Although LLMs significantly advance fact-checking, structural challenges persist, primarily hallucinations, data scarcity, data scarcity, and a lack of temporal awareness, and a research agenda prioritizing temporal-aware architectures, Small Language Models for sustainable deployment, and human-centered evaluation metrics are proposed.
Luis Henrique M. Carvalho, R. Goldschmidt· IEEE Access· 0 citations
Compilable Academic Document Parsing (CADP) is proposed, a paradigm that reconstructs a full page as contextual \LaTeX{} plus executable Python, so that structure-preserving elements and executable chart representations can be reconstructed, recompiled, and directly verified against the source page.