Enabling Smart Home Sustainability with LoRaWAN: A Review of Energy and Water Sensing Technologies and Applications

Abstract

LoRaWAN is cost-efficient, provides long-range communication, and has low power consumption, making it an appropriate communication technology for the IoT-based energy and water sensing system. This review presents recent developments in LoRaWAN for domestic energy monitoring, water sensing, and integrated smart-home resource management. Research was conducted through thematic analysis of studies retrieved from extensive searches of major scientific databases between 2020 and 2026. LoRaWAN has been used for smart metering, water quality monitoring, irrigation systems and infrastructure monitoring. Many investigations have considered its energy efficiency, scalability and benefits in live data collection. Recently, investigations are increasingly applying communication optimization and AI-based approaches to enhance system adaptability and efficiency. The studies mostly focus on independent applications rather than integrated energy-water management systems. Scalability, communication dependability, and feasible execution remain challenging problems. This study examines the current trends, research gaps, and future prospects of intelligent, sustainable, and scalable smart-home sensing systems based on LoRaWAN technology.