Composite and Modification of MXene Materials and Their Applications in Electronic Devices

Abstract

The continuous push for enhanced energy density, faster responsiveness, improved robustness, and superior deformability in electronic systems has spurred intense exploration of novel functional materials. Among the emerging candidates, two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (collectively termed MXenes) stand out owing to their lamellar morphology, near-metallic conductance, readily functionalizable surfaces, and remarkable mechanical resilience. This review offers a structured overview of the principal routes for tailoring MXene-based systems—namely, hybridization with organic polymers and inorganic nanoparticles, along with atomic-scale surface engineering—and subsequently examines their deployment in two key device classes: lithium-ion storage cells and sensory platforms. In the context of batteries, MXene frameworks effectively buffer the volumetric fluctuations of electroactive species, accelerate Li + migration, and inhibit dendritic deposition, thus substantially elevating both energy capacity and long-term cyclability. For sensing applications, MXenes transduce external variations— including deformation, applied force, temperature shifts, moisture level, targeted gases, or biological species —into detectable electrical outputs, enabling flexible, high-sensitivity detectors for multifarious stimuli. These sensors display commendable mechanical durability and operational consistency, rendering them attractive for wearable health monitors and intelligent robotic systems. Although hurdles persist, such as vulnerability to oxidative deterioration and barriers to scalable manufacturing, ongoing advances in material design and device architecture are expected to propel MXene-containing composites toward significant impact in next-generation high-performance electronics.