A Review of the Applications of Nanocomposites in Batteries

Abstract

With the large-scale development of renewable energy worldwide, the demand for high-efficiency energy storage technologies has become increasingly urgent.The limited energy density and cycle life of traditional electrode materials have hindered further breakthroughs in battery technology. Nanocomposites, with their unique size, interfacial effects, and structural design flexibility, have become a key focus of research in the battery field. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and underlying mechanisms of nanocomposites applied in lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and emerging technologies such as sodium-ion batteries and solid-state batteries. Analysis indicates that nanocomposites—including carbon-based materials, metal oxide, and polymer materials—can significantly enhance electrode conductivity, accelerate ion diffusion, and improve structural stability through the synergistic optimization of structure and composition. Although challenges such as high cost, particle agglomeration, and difficulties in large-scale fabrication remain, nanocomposites demonstrate broad application prospects in the design of high-performance energy storage systems. This study elucidates the key optimization mechanisms, providing a theoretical framework and conceptual guidance for the future development of high-performance electrode materials.