Noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular aging and diseases

Abstract

This review comprehensively explores the roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), highlighting their involvement in major pathological programs and cellular functions. The diverse types of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), and their mechanisms in regulating gene expression and cellular functions are reviewed. We also examine the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, emphasizing recent advancements in delivery systems and clinical trials. Challenges such as achieving tissue-specific delivery, minimizing off-target effects, and ensuring long-term safety are addressed. By synthesizing current research and addressing translational challenges, this review aims to elucidate the transformative potential of ncRNAs in cardiovascular medicine, paving the way for innovative, targeted therapies