The Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago as a climate sentinel: data and code for a systematic map and multi-product synthesis.

Abstract

Data, code and results supporting a systematic map and multi-product synthesis of open data on the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA; 0°55' N, 29°21' W), the only emerged land of the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge, compared with 13 remote Atlantic islands (Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Trindade–Martin Vaz, Ascension, St Helena, Tristan da Cunha, Gough, Gulf of Guinea islands, Cabo Verde, Madeira, Canary Islands, Azores and Bermuda). The study asks whether SPSPA can act as a climate sentinel by assessing four properties: how early a warming signal emerges from natural variability, which part of the ocean the site represents, how it is connected to other regions, and whether it is observed. It combines (i) a systematic map of the literature (ROSES, PRISMA 2020), with an identical search for all islands in OpenAlex, Scopus and Web of Science and a grey-literature search in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), and (ii) a synthesis of open satellite, reanalysis, in situ, biodiversity and CMIP6 climate-model data. The deposit contains:- code/: all Python scripts for searches, de-duplication, screening records, verification of screening decisions, analyses, figures and documents, and the Python implementation of the HYSPLIT trajectory algorithm used for air-mass back-trajectories;- data/search_screening/: search records and counts, screening decisions with reason codes for every record, and search strings;- data/screening_verification/: instructions, criteria and spreadsheets of the two authors who checked the screening decisions, with agreement statistics (Cohen's kappa, raw agreement, PABAK) and divergence lists;- data/derived/: time series and fields derived from open datasets for each island;- results/: results files (JSON, CSV) and figures (PNG, PDF) on sea-surface temperature trends in six products, time of emergence, daily marine heatwaves and coral heat stress, climate modes and representativeness footprints, subsurface temperature in three products and observational support, ocean and air-mass pathways, observing inventory and sentinel index, bias-corrected CMIP6 heat-stress projections, and realized thermal niches of reef corals and fishes;- docs/: the review protocol and the completed PRISMA 2020 and ROSES checklists. Scopus and Web of Science exports and BDTD abstracts are not redistributed because of database licences; identifiers, DOIs or links, titles, years and screening decisions are provided for these reco are regenerated by the scripts from the originalproviders. README.md gives the order of execution and DATA_DICTIONARY.md the codes and column definitions. Protocol registered retrospectively on the Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S4PW9. Funding: CNPq and MCTI (Brazil). Code: MIT License; data, results and documents: CC BY 4.0.