AlgoEvo: Self-Evolving Agentic Search for Automated Algorithm Discovery

Abstract

Large language models have advanced automated algorithm discovery by synthesizing executable code, but existing frameworks trap them in rigid search pipelines with pre-defined control flows. This limitation restricts adaptive reasoning, blocks cross-paradigm transfer, and overlooks richer execution feedback. To bridge this gap, we introduce an end-to-end framework, AlgoEvo, a unified agentic architecture that transforms automated algorithm discovery into an interactive, knowledge-accumulating process. An autonomous agent dynamically inspects, diagnoses, and edits code based on runtime feedback. A design skill hub decouples paradigm-specific knowledge from the core discovery engine, allowing a unified workflow to seamlessly handle single-heuristic, multi-objective, and multi-component design. Meanwhile, a hierarchical experience bank organizes search trajectories into a task-level tree to guide exploration and consolidates cross-task patterns into reusable skills. Across six representative benchmark tasks, AlgoEvo reaches state-of-the-art performance with as little as 7% of the evaluation budget and reduced token consumption, demonstrating strong intra-task accumulation, cross-task transfer, and the ability to reproduce or exceed the strongest existing methods through flexible skill activation.