Energy-Aware Digital Twin Allocation with LLMs for Adaptive Resource Management in Cloud-Native Infrastructures

Abstract

Managing containerized workloads in cloud-native infrastructures poses complex challenges due to the need to simultaneously balance performance, efficiency, and sustainability. This work proposes an adaptive resource allocation framework that leverages Digital Twins for real-time system monitoring and integrates Large Language Models to support context-aware decision-making under multi-objective constraints. The proposed approach dynamically optimizes latency, bandwidth utilization, and energy consumption, enabling intelligent workload orchestration across heterogeneous data center environments. A flexible utility function is introduced to allow system operators to adjust trade-offs between responsiveness and environmental impact. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework consistently outperforms traditional heuristic and learning-based baselines, achieving higher allocation accuracy, improved network utilization, and faster workload completion, while reducing overall energy consumption by more than 20% in sustainability-oriented scenarios. These findings highlight the potential of combining digital twins-driven observability with large language model-based reasoning to enable interpretable, adaptive, and energy-efficient resource management in next-generation cloud computing environments.