Battery capacity optimization for PV-powered hydrogen production systems: a techno-economic analysis

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of battery energy storage system (BESS) capacity on the performance of a photovoltaic (PV)-powered hydrogen production system. A comprehensive simulation framework is developed to model the system’s operation over a one-year period, with battery capacities ranging from 1000 Wh to 10000 Wh. Key performance indicators, including PV curtailment rate, grid purchase, PV utilization, battery cycling, and load reduction, are analyzed. The results show that increasing battery capacity effectively reduces PV curtailment and grid reliance, while improving PV utilization and system stability. However, these benefits diminish beyond a certain capacity threshold, and trade-offs exist in terms of battery cycle life and cost. This study provides valuable insights for the optimal design and operation of PV-powered hydrogen production systems.