Analysis of The Relationship Between Safety Climate and Safety Behavior Among Construction Workers at PT X in 2026

Abstract

The construction industry in the oil and gas sector involves a high level of occupational safety risk due to its complex and dynamic work activities, involvement of multiple parties, and changing site conditions. In addition to the implementation of safety systems and procedures, a favorable safety climate is essential to support workers’ safety behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between safety climate and safety behavior, as well as individual factors, among construction workers at PT X in 2026. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 230 workers selected through proportional random sampling. Safety climate was measured using the Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50), while safety behavior was assessed using the Safety Behavior Scale. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses, including the Chi-square test, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results showed that the mean safety climate score was 3.45 and the mean safety behavior score was 3.41 on a 1–4 scale. Based on the median cut-off value, 52.6% of respondents had an unfavorable safety climate, and 51.3% had unfavorable safety behavior. All dimensions of safety climate were significantly associated with safety behavior (p < 0.001). Workers with an unfavorable safety climate had 16.94 times higher odds of exhibiting unfavorable safety behavior compared with workers with a favorable safety climate. The strongest association was found in Dimension 6, namely safety communication, learning, and trust in co-workers’ safety competence (OR = 18.00). A work tenure of 1–3 years was also significantly associated with safety climate (p = 0.049; OR = 1.94). This study concludes that strengthening safety behavior requires improvements in safety communication and learning, management commitment, supervisory roles, consistent implementation of safety procedures, and targeted development programs for workers with 1–3 years of tenure while continuing to consider the needs of other worker groups.