Recent Advances of Nanocomposite Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are the two most significant battery technologies for electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale energy storage systems; however, conventional single-electrode materials exhibit large volume changes, limited electronic conductivity, and sluggish ion diffusion kinetics that compromise their cycle life and rate capability. A literature review approach is used in this study to synthesize the existing findings regarding nanocomposite electrode materials for LIBs and SIBs. It has been found that heterostructure, core-shell, and three-dimensional network nanocomposites can be effectively synthesized to mitigate pulverization and enhance charge transport kinetics. Additionally, high production costs, low tap density, and ill-defined degradation mechanisms during long-term cycling pose significant challenges to the industrialization of nanocomposite electrodes. Finally, promising research directions include waste-derived green nanocomposites, AI-assisted material design, and continuous manufacturing for industrial-scale synthesis, which may provide systematic guidance for the further development of battery electrode materials.