The Adequacy of the Jordanian Cybercrime Law No. (17) of 2023 in protecting personal data

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to assess the adequacy of Jordanian Cybercrime Law No. (17) of 2023 in protecting personal data. It examines the relevant legal provisions, evaluates their effectiveness, identifies legislative gaps, and proposes amendments to enhance legal protection of digital privacy amid rapid technological advancements. Methodology: The study adopts a descriptive approach to analyze legal texts related to the Jordanian Cybercrime Law, with particular attention to the protection of data and privacy on digital platforms, social media, and modern communication tools. Additionally, a qualitative analytical approach is employed to examine constitutional provisions and the Cybercrime Law in order to identify legal strengths and weaknesses. The study also proposes legislative amendments that would improve criminal protection for digital privacy. Findings: The study reveals that the Jordanian Cybercrime Law does not sufficiently keep pace with evolving digital realities, particularly concerning personal data protection. It lacks clear definitions of key concepts such as data breaches and privacy violations, and fails to explicitly criminalize the breach of private life via technological means. Furthermore, Article 9 of the law contains legal ambiguities that could hinder enforcement and judicial interpretation. Conclusion: The study recommends amending several legal provisions, especially Article 9, to address its legislative deficiencies. It also calls for the inclusion of a clear legal definition of data breach crimes and a specific provision safeguarding   the sanctity of private life, in accordance with the Jordanian Constitution and international legal standards.