CRISPR-driven genome modification and biofortification: innovative techniques for creating climate-resistant and nutritionally improved crops

Abstract

Global food security faces unparalleled obstacles due to climate change, increasing population, and micronutrient shortages, which impact billions of people worldwide. Conventional crop breeding methods, although essential, fall short of meeting the swiftly changing agricultural needs of the 21st century. This assessment explores the groundbreaking possibilities of CRISPR-driven genome editing and biofortification methods for creating climate-resilient, nutrient-rich crops. We examine the latest developments in precision genome editing techniques, concentrating on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for improving stress resistance, disease resistance, and nutritional value in key staple crop species. Combining genomic methods with biofortification offers unique chances to address hidden hunger and enhance climate adaptation at the same time. Compared with traditional plants, CRISPR-modified plants present better drought resilience, greater disease resistance, and higher micronutrient levels. Nevertheless, obstacles persist in regulatory structures, societal acceptance, and fair technology accessibility, especially for small-scale farmers in emerging areas. This review combines existing insights, highlights areas lacking research, and suggests future pathways for utilizing biotechnological advancements to increase agricultural sustainability and human nutrition.