Physical Activity as a Key Determinant of Health-Related Quality of Life: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important indicator of physical, psychological and social well-being. Regular physical activity is widely recognized as a modifiable factor supporting health promotion, disease prevention and functional independence. Aim. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize current evidence regarding the relationship between physical activity and HRQoL across different population groups. Materials and Methods. A narrative review was conducted using literature identified in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The review included international guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, umbrella reviews and selected original studies published mainly between 2020 and 2025, with earlier landmark publications included for context. Results. The available evidence indicates that physical activity is consistently associated with better HRQoL in children, adolescents, adults, older adults and individuals with chronic diseases. The most frequently reported benefits include improved physical functioning, mental well-being, social participation and self- rated health. Recent studies also emphasize the role of sedentary behaviour and 24-hour movement behaviours. Conclusions. Physical activity is an important determinant of HRQoL throughout the lifespan. Promoting regular physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour should remain key priorities in public health, prevention and rehabilitation.