Modeling, simulation, and control of gas turbine aero engine start-up integrated with air turbine starter and fuel metering systems

Abstract

Modeling and simulation of jet engine start-up is a complex and challenging field, as it involves intricate modules and processes. Achieving accurate results depends on the correct and synchronized operation of the engine, starter, controller, and fuel system components. This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model for simulating the dynamic performance of a jet engine from rest to maximum speed, integrated with an air turbine starter, control system, and fuel metering system. The study employs matching techniques and the inter-component volume method to enable continuous simulation of engine operation from near-static (zero speed) conditions to full power. Validation against experimental data at post-idle and dry crank regimes demonstrates that the model accurately simulates engine behavior, with errors less than 5% across the operating range. The results also confirm the model’s applicability for simulating the air turbine starter’s performance, allowing investigation of how key parameters influence output power. Furthermore, the simulations indicate that incorporating a fuel system model causes a slight but noticeable delay in the engine’s start-up transient response. The proposed modeling approach is adaptable and can be extended to various gas turbines and their associated sub-systems.