Artificial intelligence, social justice, and public governance: perspectives from the global south

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming governance systems worldwide by improving administrative efficiency, public service delivery, and evidence-based policymaking. While developed countries have made substantial progress in integrating AI into governance structures, many developing countries continue to face institutional, ethical, and social challenges that limit the equitable benefits of AI. This study examines the relationship between artificial intelligence, social justice, and public governance from the perspective of the Global South. Drawing upon Public Value Theory, Institutional Theory, and the Capability Approach, the study explores how AI can contribute to inclusive governance while addressing issues of inequality, transparency, accountability, and citizen participation. A quantitative cross-sectional research design is proposed using survey data collected from 300 citizens across developing countries, with Pakistan serving as the primary case study. Data are analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings suggest that responsible AI adoption strengthens public governance by improving transparency, efficiency, and service accessibility, while social justice significantly enhances citizens' trust in government institutions. The study contributes to the emerging literature on AI governance by emphasizing that technological innovation alone cannot achieve sustainable development without institutional reforms, ethical regulation, and inclusive public policies. The findings offer practical recommendations for policymakers seeking to promote equitable AI governance across the Global South.