Development of a Google Sites–Integrated Learning Management System (LMS) with Deep Learning to Support High School Students’ Understanding of Physics Concept

Abstract

Physics learning requires digital media that are easily accessible and capable of helping students construct meaningful conceptual understanding. However, the use of e-learning in school physics instruction remains suboptimal. This study aimed to develop a Google Sites-based Learning Management System (LMS) integrated with deep learning principles to support Grade 10 students’ conceptual understanding of work and energy and to determine its validity and practicality. The study employed a Research and Development method using the Hannafin and Peck model. The needs analysis involved 22 students and 3 physics teachers. Product validation was conducted by experts, while practicality testing involved 20 high school students. The results showed that deep learning was identified as the highest need by both students (85.61%) and teachers (100.00%). The product achieved an average validity score of 85.14% (very valid) and a practicality score of 89.60% (very practical). Therefore, the developed LMS was considered feasible for use in Grade 10 physics learning to support students’ conceptual understanding of work and energy