Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a therapeutic target in sepsis

Abstract

Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response that frequently progresses to profound immunosuppression. In this context, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a central role in immune regulation by limiting tissue damage while simultaneously contributing to immune paralysis. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of MDSCs as targets for sepsis treatment. An integrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database with descriptors related to immunotherapy and immunomodulation. The selected studies demonstrated that early MDSC expansion is associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality. At the molecular level, factors such as NFI-A, C/EBPβ, and microRNAs regulate the differentiation and immunosuppressive activity of these cells. Experimental evidence indicates that MDSC modulation through phenotypic reprogramming or inhibition of specific signaling pathways can restore immune competence and improve survival. Furthermore, approaches including progenitor cell infusion and ulinastatin administration support the potential of MDSC-targeted interventions as adjunctive therapies for sepsis. Overall, targeting MDSCs represents a promising therapeutic strategy to restore immune homeostasis during different stages of sepsis.