Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED): Frameworks, Benefits, Challenges, and Policy Implications for Philippine Basic Education

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a paradigm shift in the education sector, offering transformative opportunities for teaching, learning, and educational management. This paper aims to examine the potential benefits and challenges of AI in education, as well as the existing policy and legal frameworks governing its application. An integrative literature review was employed to achieve this objective. Relevant peer-reviewed journal articles and scholarly documents were retrieved primarily from ScienceDirect and Springer and were synthesized using thematic analysis. The review revealed that AI offers significant benefits, including enhanced instructional delivery, personalized learning, and improved administrative efficiency. However, it also presents critical challenges related to data privacy and security, technological capacity and skills limitations, ethical concerns, algorithmic bias, and equity. Furthermore, the review found that while several international and national legal and policy frameworks exist to regulate AI, these frameworks remain fragmented and largely generalized, particularly in addressing the unique needs of the education sector. Therefore, there is a need for collaborative efforts among policymakers, educational leaders, teachers, and other stakeholders to develop a context-responsive AI governance framework that supports the responsible, ethical, and equitable integration of AI in Philippine basic education.