Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Baiyaozi (Stephania cephalantha): A Review

Abstract

Baiyaozi is the dried tuber of Stephania cepharantha, a plant belonging to the genus Stephania in the family Menispermaceae, and is a traditional Chinese medicine. This study conducted a systematic review of relevant literature from databases such as PubMed and Web of Science to discuss the structural characteristics and recent advances in pharmacological research on Baiyaozi. The results indicate that Baiyaozi is rich in alkaloids, these alkaloids exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects, immunomodulation, alleviation of radiation-induced leukopenia, relief of bronchial asthma, antitumor activity, reversal of tumor multidrug resistance, blood pressure reduction, antiarrhythmic effects, and cardioprotection. This fully validates the scientific basis and efficacy of Baiyaozi in clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicine. In particular, its unique effects in alleviating radiation-induced leukopenia and reversing tumor drug resistance provide new insights and potential drug sources for the treatment of related diseases, highlighting the significant role of Baiyaozi in modern drug research and development.