Effect of iron-zinc-boron on growth and physiological characters of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

Abstract

Essential micronutrients, including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and boron (B), play a critical role in regulating plant growth, developmental processes, physiological functions and yield performance in vegetable crops. Deficiencies of these nutrients can adversely affect crop productivity, reduce quality and impair overall plant health. In okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), inadequate micronutrient availability limits growth and physiological efficiency and yield potential. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of foliar application of Fe, Zn and B on the growth, development and physiological characteristics of okra. A field experiment was conducted during the Navarai season (November–January) using a randomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Different combinations of Fe, Zn and B were applied as foliar sprays during the vegetative, flowering and fruiting stages of crop growth. Observations of growth, yield and physiological parameters were recorded at different stages of crop development and subsequently analysed to assess the effects of micronutrient application. Significant differences among treatments were observed for growth, yield and physiological parameters of okra. T7 (Zn + Fe + B at 1 %) produced the highest plant height (82.4 cm), fruit length (12.2 cm), fruit weight (18.8 g), leaf area (125.5 cm² plant-¹), antioxidant activity (46.2 %), relative water content (RWC) (86.4 %) and chlorophyll content (1.97 mg g-¹), while reducing days to first flowering (36 days). The combined foliar application of Fe, Zn and B demonstrated a synergistic effect in enhancing growth performance, physiological efficiency and overall productivity of okra, indicating its potential as an effective nutrient management strategy for improving crop yield and quality.