A Comprehensive Review on Advanced Materials for Pollution Control and Environmental Sustainability

Abstract

Rapid industrialization and urbanization have intensified the need for effective and sustainable environmental remediation technologies. Advanced materials such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene-based nanomaterials, Menes, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) offer promising solutions for water purification, air filtration, and pollutant degradation due to their tenable structures, large surface areas, and catalytic properties. This review highlights recent progress in the synthesis, modification, and application of these materials for environmental purposes. It discusses their mechanisms of pollutant adsorption, photocatalysis, and electrochemical treatment, along with performance comparisons and key limitations such as stability, toxicity, and scalability. The paper further outlines future research priorities including green synthesis, lifecycle assessment, and safe large-scale deployment. Through this discussion, the review aims to bridge laboratory-scale innovation with real-world environmental challenges, contributing to the development of efficient, durable, and sustainable material-based treatment systems.