Governance And Performance-Based Reforms in School Education Under New Public Management: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

The lack of an integrative framework in the literature hinders a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between New Public Management (NPM), governance, and performance-based reforms in education. This study aims to integrate this relationship through  a systematic literature review approach  based on the PRISMA protocol. Data was obtained from the Scopus database and selected using Rayyan through the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion, resulting in 23 relevant articles. To ensure reliability and validity, the selection process is carried out systematically based on clear inclusion-exclusion criteria, filtering consistency, and analysis triangulation through bibliometric approaches and conceptual synthesis. The analysis was carried out using co-occurrence keyword analysis with VOSviewer and thematic mapping through Biblioshiny. The results of the study show that governance and performance-based reforms are one system that is integrated within the NPM framework. NPM acts as a central node that connects principles, governance mechanisms, policy instruments, and reform outcomes in interdependent relationships. Education reform takes place dynamically through a continuous cycle between policy formulation, implementation, evaluation, and feedback, with a performance-based control system as a liaison mechanism. This study produced an integrative model, namely the New Public Management–Based Systemic Integrative Governance and Education Reform (NPM-SIGER) Model, which represents education reform as a cyclical and adaptive system. These findings reposition NPM as an integrative governance paradigm, although the resulting model still requires further empirical testing.