Comprehensive state of the art review on mechanical and microstructure performance of fibre reinforced polymer concrete

Abstract

Polymer concrete incorporating fibre reinforcement has emerged as a high-performance material capable of delivering improved strength, durability, and structural efficiency. This review explores the influence of fibre addition on the mechanical performance and microstructural evolution of polymer concrete (PC). Various fibre types, including natural, synthetic, and metallic, are examined for their contribution to enhancing toughness, crack resistance, and durability under aggressive conditions such as elevated temperatures and sulphate environments. Advances in fibre engineering—particularly in dispersion techniques, orientation control, and hybrid reinforcement strategies—are assessed for their role in improving stress–strain behaviour, fatigue resistance, and crack development in fibre-reinforced polymer concrete (FRPC). The study further discusses practical applications in infrastructure systems, marine environments, and sustainable construction using recycled fibres. Emerging innovations, such as lightweight formulations and self-healing composites, are also highlighted. Future research directions emphasize the use of eco-friendly materials, nanotechnology-based modifications, and smart polymer systems to develop resilient, durable, and sustainable construction materials for next-generation infrastructure.