Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Guelma City (East Algeria): A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder occurring during pregnancy, characterized by glucose intolerance. It poses significant health risks for both mothers and children, increasing the likelihood of complications such as macrosomia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of GDM and identify the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Guelma Province, located in northeastern Algeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 pregnant women aged 17-47 years in Guelma, who were visiting 5 different local gynecology and obstetrics clinics. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle factors, and pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of GDM was determined based on clinical diagnosis and the main significant risk factors identified. Results: The prevalence of GDM among the study participants was 18.3% (95% CI 12.6–23.0). 9. Key risk factors significantly associated with GDM included maternal age (>30 years), obesity (pre-pregnancy BMI≥30 kg/m²), and multiparity (≥3 pregnancies). Additionally, women with GDM were significantly more likely to experience complications, including infants with high birth weight (3500±600 g) and the development of associated pathologies during gestation, especially hypertension, anemia, and hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: The findings highlight the necessity for early screening and intervention strategies to manage GDM and mitigate its complications. Public health initiatives should focus on promoting healthy lifestyles, including balanced nutrition and regular physical activity, to reduce GDM risk. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to explore long-term maternal and fetal outcomes.