INNOVATIVE CLUSTERS AND TECH-NOPARKS: CREATING GROWTH POINTS AND ATTRACTING TALENT

Abstract

Cluster theory emerged at the intersection of regional economics and innovation, reflecting the transition from the analysis of individual enterprises to the study of network structures. The article provides a comprehensive review of the role of innovative clusters and technoparks in the system of modern industrial policy and regional development. The theoretical founda-tions of the cluster concept are revealed, in-cluding M. Porter's ideas about the competitive advantages of territories and the "triple helix" model, which justifies the interaction between universities, businesses, and the government. The article analyzes the mechanisms of form-ing innovative ecosystems that ensure the growth of gross regional product, labor produc-tivity, and investment activity. It examines in-ternational and Russian practices of forming innovative territories and identifies institutional and human resources factors of sustainability.