An improved competition of tribes and cooperation of members algorithm for three-dimensional multi-UAV geometric path planning in complex urban low-altitude environments Guo-Qing Yang Qin-Xiao Zhang Wan-Xiang Yao Yong-Kang Gao Ying-Jie Li Sep 2026 · Intelligent Service Robotics · Vol 19 · 0 citations · 43 references DOI Semantic Scholar Save View source Cite { copied='apa'; setTimeout(() => { copied=null; open=false }, 1000) })" class="flex w-full items-center justify-between rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-left text-sm hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-ink-800"> Copy APA Copied ✓ { copied='mla'; setTimeout(() => { copied=null; open=false }, 1000) })" class="flex w-full items-center justify-between rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-left text-sm hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-ink-800"> Copy MLA Copied ✓ { copied='bibtex'; setTimeout(() => { copied=null; open=false }, 1000) })" class="flex w-full items-center justify-between rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-left text-sm hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-ink-800"> Copy BibTeX Copied ✓ Share