Intellectual capital and firm performance: A bibliometric review

Abstract

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to explore the intellectual structure and research trends in the field of intellectual capital. Using bibliometric and bibliographic coupling techniques, the study identifies key themes, influential works, and evolving trends in intellectual capital research from 2000 to 2023. The findings reveal the dominance of survey-based and empirical methodologies, with significant contributions from Europe and Asia, particularly in developed economies. Co-citation and bibliographic coupling analyses uncover three major thematic clusters: foundational theories, empirical applications in performance measurement, and emerging perspectives on innovation and governance. The study highlights the underrepresentation of qualitative and simulation approaches, suggesting opportunities for methodological diversity. Furthermore, regional disparities indicate the need for expanding research to underexplored regions such as Africa and South America. By integrating bibliometric insights with emerging trends, this research advances the understanding of intellectual capital’s role in driving organizational success and offers actionable directions for future studies. The findings contribute to the field by providing a roadmap for scholars to explore new methodologies, regional contexts, and interdisciplinary collaborations.