ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION IN THE AI ERA: INTEGRATING KNOWLEDGE, TECHNOLOGY, AND COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT FOR FUTURE DESIGNERS

Abstract

This review aims to synthesize knowledge and trends in architectural education in the era of artificial intelligence, linking four key pillars: architectural knowledge, designer development, artificial intelligence, and digital technology integration. The review employs an integrated literature review approach, drawing from research, academic articles, books, and relevant documents both domestically and internationally. The synthesis reveals that architectural knowledge remains a crucial foundation for developing analytical, synthetic, and design decision-making skills. Studio learning should shift from focusing on project outcomes to developing critical thinking, questioning, problem-solving, and reflection. The emergence of generative AI enables learners to quickly explore, generate ideas, and develop alternatives, but this must be coupled with critical thinking, ethics, and validation. Furthermore, integrating AI with BIM, GIS, VR/AR, simulation, parametric design, and digital fabrication creates an efficient learning ecosystem that connects data, design, and evaluation. Based on this synthesis, a framework of Knowledge–Design–AI–Technology–Human is proposed to develop the competencies of future designers: architectural knowledge, creativity, systems thinking, AI literacy, digital competence, AI collaboration, sustainability, and ethical responsibility. Future architectural education should focus on creating designers who can utilize technology to expand human potential. While still maintaining the values of human-centered design.