Transformational Leadership Theory as the Foundation for Developing Leadership Teaching Materials to Enhance Student Artistic Creativity

Abstract

This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of teaching materials based on transformational leadership theory in enhancing students' artistic creativity. The research used Research and Development (R&D) approach with a 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and learning outcome tests, then analyzed using mixed methods. The results of a limited-scale trial (N = 30) showed that students' understanding of teaching materials had a significant effect on the creativity of their artwork (R = 0.612; R² = 0.375; F = 16.766; p < 0.001), with a regression coefficient of B = 0.272. This indicates that an increase in understanding of the teaching material is consistently followed by an increase in students' artistic creativity. A large-scale trial (N = 125) produced similar results, with an average understanding of the teaching material recorded at 83.66 (SD = 14.65) and artistic creativity at 46.25 (SD = 7.91). Large-scale regression analysis confirmed a positive and significant relationship, strengthening the research findings' external validity. The research conclusion confirms that teaching materials based on transformational leadership theory are valid, practical, and effective in enhancing students' artistic creativity. These findings imply the need to strengthen the arts education curriculum through the integration of transformational leadership, while also opening up opportunities for further research in other disciplines.