Prevalencia de genotipos de HPV de alto riesgo en mujeres bolivianas: estudio en La Paz y Pando
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a priority public health problem in Bolivia, associated with the high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV-RA). Genotyping makes it possible to identify oncogenic variants and guide prevention and control strategies. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out with 6445 cervical samples collected using endocervical brushes. After the purification, 6274 samples were analyzed. DNA extraction was automated, and detection/genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Infection rates were calculated by department, municipality, age, and genotype. Statistical analysis included tests of association and linear trend. The overall prevalence of HPV-RA was 21.4 % (1320 cases). By departments, La Paz 21.84 % (95 % CI: 21.73-21.95), Pando 18.07 % (95 % CI: 17.88-18.26). In municipalities, the prevalence was higher in Nuestra Señora de La Paz, 24.11 % (95 % CI: 22.54-25.68), followed by El Alto 18.11 % (95 % CI: 16.41-19.81) and Cobija 18.39 % (95 % CI: 16.11-20.67). The most frequent genotypes were HPV 16 (13.97%), HPV 31 (12.19%), and HPV 51 (8.63%). The age group of 31-40 years concentrated 615 cases (46.6%) with a significant association (p < 0.001) and positive linear trend (p <0.001). Monoinfections predominant by HPV 16 (15.8%) and multiple infections (5.3%) were observed, mainly combinations of HPV 16/31 and HPV 16/51. The high prevalence of HPV-RA in women from La Paz and Pando, together with the predominance of oncogenic genotypes, underscores the need to strengthen vaccination and molecular screening programs adapted to the Bolivian epidemiological profile.-