INSTITUTIONAL AND INVESTMENT MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING EXPORT ACTIVITIES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY

Abstract

The article presents a systematic study of institutional and investment mechanisms for ensuring export activities under conditions of global transformations and war-related risks. The relevance of the research is driven by the significant escalation of geopolitical tensions in 2020-2026, the disruption of established supply chains, and growing economic volatility, as a result of which traditional market-based export promotion tools are losing effectiveness without reliable institutional and investment support. The purpose of the article is to develop scientifically grounded recommendations for mechanisms that ensure the effective functioning of an export-oriented economy amid global uncertainty and European integration processes. As a result of the research, a schematic model was developed that illustrates the influence of global economic conditions through institutional and investment mechanisms on export activities and, consequently, on national economic performance and international security. An integrated classification of instruments was constructed according to their nature, level of action, scope of application, initiating subjects, and intended purpose. The channels of investment and fundraising support for exports—grant programmes, international financial institutions, private venture capital, and state programmes through the Export Credit Agency—were structured and their functional roles defined. The regulatory and legal framework was analysed. The role of fundraising as a resource foundation for production modernisation was substantiated. A conceptual model of synergy between institutional and investment mechanisms was proposed, aimed at enhancing the competitiveness of the national economy, ensuring compliance with EU standards and policies, and strengthening international security. The influence of global economic conditions on export activities was generalised, providing a theoretical framework for the design of institutional and investment support mechanisms. The findings of the study may be applied in the development of national export policy and in the management of foreign economic activities of enterprises.