Strategic Integration of Sustainability-Oriented Business Models for Achieving Multiple SDGs: A Rapid Review of African Firm Practices

Abstract

This study investigates how firms design and implement sustainability-oriented business models to address multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) concurrently. Drawing on a rapid review of 168 scholarly articles sourced from Web of Science and Sabinet, and guided by a thematic coding approach, the research offers a comprehensive synthesis of strategies employed across diverse sectors, particularly within the African context. The study identifies five core themes: (1) organisational fundamentals for achieving SDGs, (2) regulatory frameworks supporting sustainability, (3) business strategy implementation, (4) benefits of sustainability practices, and (5) obstacles to SDG integration. Findings highlight the significance of aligning core business strategies with sustainability objectives to foster economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion. The study also exposes gaps in awareness, regulatory enforcement, and capacity especially among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). An original conceptual framework, the Integrated Sustainability Business Model (ISBM), is introduced to guide firms in synchronising their operations with the SDGs. This framework supports scalable, sector-sensitive, and impact-driven sustainability practices. By offering actionable insights for managers, policymakers, and researchers, the study contributes to the theoretical and practical advancement of sustainable development in emerging markets and supports the broader implementation of Agenda 2030.