The Effect of Anxiety and Self-Efficacy on Mathematical Reasoning through Problem-Based Learning Models in Elementary School Students

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the predictive power of mathematical anxiety and self-efficacy on students' mathematical reasoning skills after the application of the problem-based learning model (PBL), as well as the improvement of mathematical reasoning skills of grade V students of SD Negeri 70 Ambon after the implementation of the problem-based learning model (PBL). This study used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 30 students in class V, selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through mathematical reasoning ability tests, mathematical anxiety questionnaires, and self-efficacy questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, prerequisite test analysis, multiple linear regression, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that mathematics anxiety had a negative and significant predictive effect on students' mathematical reasoning ability after the application of the problem-based learning model (PBL), with a significance value of 0.004. Meanwhile, self-efficacy has a positive and significant predictive power on students' mathematical reasoning ability after the application of the problem-based learning model (PBL), with a significance value of 0.000. Simultaneously, math anxiety and self-efficacy had a significant predictive power on students' mathematical reasoning ability, with a significance value of 0.000. In addition, the N-Gain analysis showed an increase in students' mathematical reasoning skills after applying the problem-based learning model (PBL), with an average N-Gain of 0.7117, which falls in the high category. "This study shows that psychological factors in the form of mathematical anxiety and self-efficacy have an important role in explaining students' mathematical reasoning abilities after the application of the problem-based learning model. In addition, students' mathematical reasoning abilities showed improvement after participating in problem-based learning (PBL). Keywords: mathematical reasoning ability, mathematical anxiety, self-efficacy, problem-based learning.