Smart and Green Tourism Infrastructure: Engineering Sustainable Systems For Local Community Empowerment

Abstract

This study analyzes the development of smart and green tourism infrastructure to support sustainable and community-based tourism systems. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, with 25 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2016 and 2026 selected for analysis. The findings reveal that, although research on smart and sustainable tourism has grown significantly, existing studies remain fragmented, indicating a "Silo Effect" between technological innovation and environmental sustainability approaches. Smart tourism primarily utilizes IoT, AI, and big data to improve operational efficiency and tourist experience, while green tourism emphasizes environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. However, these domains are frequently developed independently, resulting in limited system integration. To address this gap, this study proposes an integrated framework based on a multi-layer architecture consisting of physical, network, and intelligence layers supported by a feedback loop mechanism. The proposed framework enables real-time data processing, adaptive resource management, and community participation within tourism systems. Practically, this framework provides strategic guidance for policymakers and stakeholders in designing more adaptive, technology-driven, and environmentally sustainable tourism infrastructure. The study also contributes to the achievement of SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth).