APPLICATION OF GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGH-PRECISION GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS

Abstract

The article examines the features of applying Global Navigation Satellite Systems in high-precision geodetic measurements widely used in engineering and geodetic surveys, construction, monitoring of deformations of buildings and structures, as well as in the creation and development of national and local geodetic networks. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing requirements for accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of spatial data, the need to reduce the time required for geodetic works, and the improvement of the efficiency of office processing of measurement results. Under conditions of complex terrain, dense urban development, and the presence of technogenic obstacles, traditional measurement methods often face limitations, which increases the importance of using satellite technologies. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern Global Navigation Satellite System technologies and satellite positioning methods in terms of their applicability to high-precision geodetic measurements.The paper considers the main modes of global navigation satellite system observations, including static, rapid static, and kinematic modes, as well as differential positioning methods such as real-time kinematic positioning and network real-time kinematic positioning. It is shown that the use of correction data and post-processing techniques for satellite observations makes it possible to achieve centimeter- and millimeter-level accuracy in coordinate determination, which meets the requirements of engineering and scientific tasks. Special attention is paid to the analysis of factors affecting the accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite System measurements, including satellite constellation geometry, signal reception quality, the influence of ionospheric and tropospheric delays, and the multipath effect. The feasibility of integrating Global Navigation Satellite System technologies with traditional geodetic methods, electronic total stations, and geographic information systems is emphasized, ensuring a comprehensive approach to the collection, processing, and analysis of spatial data. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the generalization of the conditions for the effective application of Global Navigation Satellite System technologies and the justification of their practical significance for high-precision geodetic works.