Advanced Hydrogel Functionalization Strategies for Burn-Related Wound Treatment

Abstract

Burn injuries cause deep, extensive skin damage and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Effective treatment goes beyond superficial wound coverage; it requires regenerative repair that progresses from deeper tissue layers to complete skin restoration. Because of extreme trauma and severity, the fastest treatment strategies play a key role in the treatment of burn injuries. Recently, hydrogel dressings have gained attention as promising wound care options because they maintain a moist environment, provide cooling and pain relief, support autolysis, and promote tissue regeneration. However, the lack of biological function and, consequently, slower tissue regeneration limit the applications of hydrogels. In recent years, collaboration between doctors, materials scientists, and biologists has substantially improved the biological functionality of hydrogels. Integrating bioactive agents, such as proteins, peptides, antimicrobial compounds, drugs, metal nanoparticles, cell-based vesicles, and extracellular matrix, enables the development of multifunctional, active burn wound dressings. This review highlights advances in the functionalization of hydrogel dressings for burn care, including fabrication methods, biological efficacy, and therapeutic mechanisms. The literature provides a comprehensive overview of the area where further advancement could be pursued.