An LLM-Based Assistant for Debt Waiver Court Procedures

Abstract

Spanish Insolvency Law 1/2020 of the 5th of May enables individuals to apply for debt waiver under certain conditions. The large number of applications submitted each year places a heavy burden on judges and court officers, who must examine heterogeneous documentation before issuing a ruling. This paper presents an AI-based assistant designed to support the processing of debt waiver cases. The system integrates PDF-to-text conversion, rule-based document classification, large language model (LLM)-based information extraction, and post-processing to consolidate fragmented or duplicated records. A front-end interface provides structured summaries of the application content, and can automatically generate draft rulings. Evaluated on a set of real applications, the system achieves over 92% F1 in document classification and up to 91% F1 in personal data extraction, showing the potential of open-source LLMs to reduce administrative workload and accelerate judicial procedures, while keeping the final decision with the judge.