Urban green open space in mataram city: A systematic review of sustainability and urban systems

Abstract

Rapid urbanization has intensified pressure on urban green open space (UGOS) in Mataram City, resulting in declining environmental quality and unequal spatial distribution. This study aims to synthesize recent research on UGOS from sustainability and systems perspectives using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 framework and analyzed 25 peer reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026 from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The findings indicate that UGOS in Mataram City remains quantitatively insufficient and spatially uneven, limiting its ecological, social, and resilience functions. The review also identifies fragmented governance, weak stakeholder coordination, and limited integration of GIS and data driven planning as major barriers to effective green space management. Four major thematic dimensions emerged from the synthesis: spatial distribution, ecological sustainability, social functionality, and governance systems. This study contributes by integrating these dimensions into a system based conceptual framework for urban green space planning in secondary cities. The findings provide practical implications for policymakers and urban planners in developing more sustainable, inclusive, and adaptive urban environments.