Interface Capacity and Architectural Replenishment Determine Entanglement-Generation Speed in Quantum Networks

Abstract

We show that entanglement-generation speed across a fixed network interface is governed by two distinct resources: the entangling capacity of the interface itself and the ability of the surrounding architecture to replenish it with fresh degrees of freedom. For fermionic Gaussian dynamics, we derive the coefficient-sharp bound $\sum_k|\dot\theta_k|\leq\frac12\|K_{AB}\|_*$ on the collective speed of the canonical entanglement angles. Explicit Ising-chain rematching trajectories saturate this bound, thereby certifying exact minimum interaction times under the stated control model. Beyond the Gaussian setting, exhaustive optimization of the complete $N=8$ tree--tree family shows that, at fixed interface capacity, first-layer entanglement, connectedness, and edge budget, the saturation depth is exactly classified by rooted architecture. With higher-resolution $x$-only control, variational entanglement-enhancing-field (VEEF) optimization reaches the numerically resolved fast-$X$ optimum in a two-channel benchmark. Across all 21 symmetry-reduced rooted orbits, a pre-specified two-time VEEF growth diagnostic recovers the complete replenishment partition directly from optimized dynamics. Interface capacity therefore sets how much entangling flux is available, whereas architecture determines whether fresh degrees of freedom can continually replenish the interface and sustain repeated use of that capacity.