PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PENIPUAN DIGITAL DALAM E-COMMERCE DI INDONESIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT The transformation of consumer transactions toward e-commerce has facilitated trade, but at the same time has expanded opportunities for digital fraud that can cause losses to consumers. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers who become victims of digital fraud in Indonesia and to examine the challenges of law enforcement and dispute resolution associated with such cases. The study employs a normative juridical method through document and literature studies by examining the provisions of the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), as well as regulations governing electronic commerce. The analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically by mapping forms of consumer vulnerability, legal protection instruments, the responsibilities of the parties involved, and mechanisms for recovering losses. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s legal framework has provided a basis for consumer protection in digital transactions, but its implementation remains less than fully effective. These challenges involve the evolving nature of fraudulent schemes, difficulties in identifying perpetrators who use anonymous identities, the unequal position of consumers in electronic contracts, unclear boundaries of marketplace liability, and suboptimal dispute resolution mechanisms. The study concludes that digital consumer protection needs to be strengthened through regulatory harmonization, clearer platform liability, enhanced law enforcement capacity, and stronger legal and digital literacy among consumers. ABSTRAK Transformasi transaksi masyarakat menuju e-commerce memberikan kemudahan dalam perdagangan, tetapi pada saat yang sama memperluas ruang terjadinya penipuan digital yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen yang menjadi korban penipuan digital di Indonesia serta mengkaji tantangan penegakan hukum dan penyelesaian sengketanya. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui studi dokumen dan literatur dengan menelaah ketentuan dalam UUPK, UU ITE, UU PDP, serta regulasi terkait perdagangan melalui sistem elektronik. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis dengan memetakan bentuk kerentanan konsumen, instrumen perlindungan hukum, tanggung jawab para pihak, dan mekanisme pemulihan kerugian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat hukum Indonesia telah menyediakan landasan perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi digital, tetapi penerapannya belum sepenuhnya efektif. Hambatan tersebut berkaitan dengan perkembangan modus penipuan, kesulitan mengidentifikasi pelaku yang menggunakan identitas anonim, ketimpangan posisi konsumen dalam kontrak elektronik, belum tegasnya batas pertanggungjawaban marketplace, serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang belum optimal. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa perlindungan konsumen digital perlu diperkuat melalui harmonisasi regulasi, kejelasan pertanggungjawaban platform, peningkatan kapasitas penegakan hukum, dan penguatan literasi hukum serta digital konsumen.