Perlindungan Hukum Substantif bagi Perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing terhadap Wanprestasi dalam Pelaksanaan Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi

Abstract

This study is motivated by the imbalance of bargaining power and the weak implementation of the pacta sunt servanda principle in construction service practices, which affects the effectiveness of legal protection for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) companies. This research aims to analyze the forms of breach of contract by the Employer and examine the effectiveness of substantive legal protection within the national legal system toward PT. Global Contractor Indonesia. The study employs a normative juridical method with statutory and case study approaches, analyzed descriptively and prescriptively. Normatively, contractual relations are governed by the Indonesian Civil Code as lex generalis, as well as the Construction Services Law and the Investment Law as lex specialis. The findings reveal breaches of contract in the form of delayed and reduced payments, unilateral changes to the scope of work without formal amendments, and neglect of administrative obligations. These findings indicate that substantive legal protection is conditional, as it depends on contractual compliance. Therefore, strengthening contract design, ensuring balanced risk allocation, harmonizing regulations, and enhancing effective regulatory supervision are necessary to ensure legal certainty and minimize breaches of contract.