Quorum Sensing: Biochemical Mechanisms and Implications

Abstract

Quorum sensing (QS) is a key component of microbial communication, which controls collective behaviours in response to cellular density. Microbial organisms are mainly able to coordinate a number of physiological functions, including sporulation, motility, biofilm formation, pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites, by using this complex signalling system. QS depends on the synthesis, identification, and reaction to auto-inducers; which are signalling molecules. Extensive research on the molecular principles behind QS has shown highly organized systems involving a variety of chemical signals and receptor pathways in many bacterial ecosystems. The molecular support of quorum sensing, the differences across microbial species; gram positive and gram negative, molecular mechanism of signal interference which are quorum sensing inhibition and quorum quenching and the wider applications of QS in biotechnology, microbial ecology, agriculture, and medicine are all examined in this review work.