Sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on global food security: a systematic review

Abstract

This study analyzes the role of sustainable agricultural practices in global food security through a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review. Relevant and recent studies were collected and evaluated from recognized academic databases to ensure a comprehensive analysis. The findings indicate that population growth and increasing food demand have intensified pressure on natural resources, while conventional agriculture has contributed to issues such as soil degradation, water scarcity, and biodiversity loss. In contrast, practices such as organic farming, regenerative agriculture, and agroecology provide alternatives that improve soil health, optimize resource use, and reduce environmental impact. These practices also enhance the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change and other external stressors, supporting long-term production stability. However, their adoption faces challenges including high initial costs, limited access to technology, and insufficient institutional support. In this context, technological innovation and public policies play a crucial role. The study concludes that sustainable agriculture is essential to ensure food security, improve livelihoods, and preserve natural resources for future generations.