Smart AgroTech:IoT-Based Precision Farming For Harumanis Mango Cultivation in Perlis

Abstract

The premium Harumanis mango (MA 128) is highly valued for its sweetness, aroma and premium market demand. However, traditional cultivation practices struggle with substantial resource waste, high manual labor costs and a lack of real-time monitoring capabilities to manage parameters crucial for fruit quality. This paper presents an integrated IoT-based precision farming architecture, termed Smart AgroTech, implemented to optimize macro-environmental factors and automated soil nutrient delivery. Utilizing an ESP32 microcontroller, the framework continuously measures soil moisture, temperature, relative humidity, soil pH and NPK nutrient values. Based on specified thresholds, the architecture drives three specific actuator sub-systems: tube-based irrigation for soil wetness management, micro-drip irrigation for precision NPK fertilization and automated mist-nozzle sprinklers utilizing liquid organic plant acid to control microclimatic stress and prevent fungal pathogens. For seven days of evaluation period, the Smart AgroTech system successfully triggered irrigation, fertilization and misting process continued to operate until optimal level for soil moisture, NPK level and microclimate parameters reached their optimal thresholds when the validation the automation using ESP32. Real-time datastreams and critical event alerts are integrated via a Blynk application framework over Wi-Fi. Experimental results validate steady sensory acquisition and auto-actuation, demonstrating a sustainable, automated solution that mitigates resource wastage and enhances cultivation management efficiency for Harumanis mango production.