MODERN CONCEPTS OF THE ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN THE DYSREGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN PSORIASIS

Abstract

Psoriasis is a multifactorial chronic disease that combines local skin and systemic manifestations driven by complex interactions between immune and parenchymal cells. Its pathogenesis involves inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and microbiome alterations, explaining the high prevalence of comorbidities and underscoring the role of skin as an active immune organ. The literature review presents current data on the involvement of cytokines in the dysregulation of the immune system in psoriasis. The review examines studies on the implementation of immune inflammation in the skin involving keratinocytes, immune cells, other microenvironment cells, and the microbiome. The etiological factors in the development of psoriasis have been examined from the perspectives of the exposome and genetic predisposition, particularly in the presence of specific HLA gene alleles, against the backdrop of which the dysregulated triad of psoriasis pathogenesisproinflammatorycytokinesis formed –IFN-γ,T-cells,IFN-α,dendriticIL-1, cells,and andTNF-αactivatedhave beenkeratinocytes.generalized.Accordingly,At the samethe effectstime, ofchangesclassicalin the functioning of another cytokine axis – IL-12/IL-22/IL-23 and IL-17 – were examined. Based on the analysis of these results, the most promising molecules for targeted psoriasis therapy have been identified. A conclusion has been made regarding the necessity of using modern approaches (nanodermatology, omics, particularly exposomics, biological therapy, etc.) in immunodermatology for the development of personalized psoriasis therapy.